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Fluid In-Service Quality Limits
The airframe manufacturers have established
in-service limits for Type IV hydraulic fluids. These limits are
listed below. Continued use of a fluid that does not meet one or
more of the limits can adversely affect the life of system
components.
During aircraft operations, hydraulic fluid is
subjected to an environment which, in time, alters certain
properties of the fluid. No two types of aircraft hydraulic systems
operate under the same conditions. The heat that is produced during
system operations, the moisture from the environment to which the
fluid is subjected, and the cleanliness of the system (i.e.,
freedom from solids and liquid contaminants), will affect the
operating life limit of the Type IV hydraulic fluid. Therefore, the
operating life of Skydrol fluids is determined on the basis of both
physical and chemical properties rather than by a fixed number of
operating hours.
Solutia's Technical Service fluid sampling
program offers comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the fluid,
with recommendations for corrective action when
required.
Fluid Sampling
Solutia suggests that hydraulic fluid be analyzed
periodically to assure that it meets airframe manufacturer
in-service limits. Routine Sampling - Each system should be sampled
about once a year and/or whenever the airframe manufacturer
suggests. Unscheduled Maintenance - When malfunctions may have a
fluid relationship, samples should be taken. Suspicion of
Contamination - Usually fluids should be drained and replaced, with
samples taken before and after the maintenance
procedure.
Fluid Contamination
Contamination in the hydraulic system can affect
the performance of both the hydraulic fluid and the system
components. Common liquid contaminants are chlorinated cleaning
solvents, water, petroleum-based or synthetic oils and engine
lubricants. Liquid contaminants can alter the fluid's fire
resistant properties, affect seal performance, cause gel formation
and lead to acid development
Common solid contaminants include component wear
particles as well as contamination external to the hydraulic
system. Solids can cause physical damage to components as well as
line and filter pluggage. Certain solids accelerate fluid
degradation.
AIRFRAME MANUFACTURERS' SERVICE LIMITS FOR TYPE IV FLUID |
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| Analysis | Boeing-Seattle | Boeing-Long Beach (Douglas) | Airbus | Bombardier | Gulfstream | Lockheed | BAE | Fokker |
| Appearance | No cloudiness, phase separation
or precipitation, any color is acceptable |
No cloudiness or precipitation Color: Blue/purple to gray |
-- | -- | ||||
| Specific Gravity @ 77°F/25°C | 0.970-1.066 | 0.900-1.066 | .970-1.066 | 0.995-1.066 | 0.995-1.066 | 0.989-1.065 | 0.995-1.066 | 0.999-1.057 |
| Moisture % (max) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Neutralization No. mg KOH/gm (max) |
1.52 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 |
| Kinematic Visc. @ 100°F/38°C, cSt | 6.0-12.5 | 7.0-12.0 | 6.0-12.5 | 6.0-12.5 | 6.0-12.5 | 7.0 (min) | 6.0 (min) | 7.0 (min) |
| Elemental Contamination1 | ||||||||
|
50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- | 50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- |
|
50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- | 50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- |
|
50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- | 50 ppm max | -- | -- | -- |
|
200 ppm max | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 ppm max | 200 | 200 | 200 |
|
500 ppm max | -- | -- | -- | 500 ppm max | -- | -- | -- |
| Particle Contamination #/100ml (max) | ||||||||
FLUID COLORPhosphate ester-based aviation hydraulic fluids are purple fresh out of the can and may change color during service. Color is not a reliable indicator of fluid quality, and there is no in-service specification for fluid color. The fluid should be clear with no cloudiness or suspended solids. |
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